Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

Which model do you trust? And, Arctic sea ice reaches a record minimum
Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 19:33 (GMT) +3
Hurricane Dean, now a major Category 3 hurricane with 125 mph winds, continues to intensify and grow larger in size. Dean pounded Martinique and St. Lucia this morning, and claimed its first victim when a 62-year old man died on St. Lucia while trying to save his cow from raging flood waters.

Dean's eye is now visible on long range radar out of Puerto Rico. Buoy 42059 is in Dean's path, and should be interesting to watch.

We're fairly confident of the 1-2 day forecast, which has Dean headed west to west-northwest over the Central Caribbean, very close to Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, then into the Western Caribbean. After that, things become murkier. The latest 12Z runs of the NOGAPS, UKMET, GFS, and HWRF computer models all show Dean hitting the Yucatan Peninsula, and continuing on into the Gulf of Mexico towards a second landfall near or south of the Texas border. The HWRF run is slower, and does not take Dean to the coast at the end of its forecast period. The big outlier is the GFDL model, which now takes Dean northwest into central Louisiana. Which model is correct? The problem is that each model has a different solution for the behavior of an upper-level low pressure system expected to be over the Gulf of Mexico early next week. Which model should we trust?

In 2006, the official NHC forecast performed better than any of the individual computer forecast models. However, several "consensus" forecasts made using an average of the "big four" computer models (GFDL, GFS, UKMET, and NOGAPS), slightly outperformed the official forecast at some time periods (Figure 1). The Florida State Super-Ensemble (FSSE), for example, combines the "big four" models on the basis of past performance in an attempt to correct for biases in those models. (The FSSE is owned by a private company, which makes it available to NHC but not the general public). The Florida State Super Ensemble slightly out-performed the official NHC forecast at most forecast times.

The "big four" models are plotted on wunderground.com's computer model page for Dean, (along with the inferior BAMM model, which is plotted since it is always available quickly, and has done well at longer range forecasts in the past). We do not get tracking points for the ECMWF or HWRF models at this point, so you'll have to go the raw plots to see those forecasts. Note that three of the "big four" models performed well in 2006, with the GFDL and GFS performing the best. The UKMET had a very poor showing in the Atlantic in 2006. However, the UKMET was the best-performing model in the Eastern Pacific in 2006, along with the GFDL and BAMM models.

The European Center's model (ECMWF) outperformed the "big four" consensus models for 72, 96, and 120 hours forecasts in the Atlantic. However, the ECMWF model was generally not available in time to be used by forecasters. Efforts are being made to make the ECMWF available in a more timely fashion for the 2007 season, which would be a big help. We also have the new HWRF (Hurricane Weather Research Forecast) model this year. In tests done on a number of hurricanes for past years, the HWRF performed about as well as the GFDL (Figure 2).



Figure 1. Track forecast skill in 2006 of the official forecast and the various models, compared to a "zero skill" forecast using NHC's CLIPER5 model. The CLIPER model (short for CLImatology and PERsistence) is a model that makes a forecast based on historical paths hurricane have taken, along with the fact that hurricanes tend to keep moving in the direction they are going (i.e., their current motion persists). Note that many models had a negative skill for their 120 hour (5 day) forecast. The official NHC forecast had about 10% skill at 5 days. Image credit: NHC.

Figure 2. Track errors for 48-hour forecasts from the 2006 version of the GFDL model (black) and the new HWRF model (red). The HWRF model performed better on some hurricane than the GFDL, and worse on others. Overall, the two models had about the same performance on the cases tested. Image credit: Naomi Surgi, NOAA Environmental Modeling Center.

In conclusion, the official NHC forecast outperforms all the individual models, particularly at long ranges. Looking at the individual model plots can be helpful to determine the uncertainty in the forecast, but it's tough to beat the NHC. In the case of Dean, where one model is an outlier from the rest, it is usually better to believe the consensus of the other models.

If you want to look at plots of the individual models, I've written a description of the various models and where to find these plots on our tropical weather page.

Arctic sea ice shrinks to record low
The National Snow and Ice Data Center announced today that Arctic sea ice has just surpassed the previous single-day (absolute minimum) record for the lowest extent ever measured by satellite. Satellite measurements began in 1979. Sea ice extent has fallen below the 2005 record low absolute minimum and is still melting. Sea ice extent is currently tracking at 5.26 million square kilometers (2.02 million square miles), just below the 2005 record absolute minimum of 5.32 million square kilometers (2.05 million square miles). This new record was set a full five weeks before the usual late September minima in ice extent, so truly unprecedented melting is occurring in the Arctic. The most recent images from the North Pole webcam show plenty of melt water and rainy conditions near the Pole.


Figure 2. Current extent of the polar sea ice, compared to the normal for this time in August (pink line). Image credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center.

I'll have an update Saturday morning.
Jeff Masters

Hurricane Dean near the island Puerto Rico (Hector777)
the ciclonic surge hard mind in Salinas,Puerto Rico mines the Community Las Ochenta in the south of Puerto Rico
Hurricane Dean near the island Puerto Rico
Categories: Climate Change
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2951. WPBHurricane05 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:01 (GMT)    
143 kts is 165 mph!! 165mph is a Category 5 hurricane.

That was flight level, at the surface it would be around 150 mph.
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 56 Comments: 8004
2952. comtrader 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:01 (GMT)    
if you compare the projected path of the center of circulation of the ull from the 0z gfs to the actual placement on 6z you will see that the ull has moved more south than the forecast. the gfs predicts that this feature will head rapidly west over the next 48 hours then on into texas. the speed and path of this feature is crucial and by no means totally in the bag.
2953. hurricane667 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:01 (GMT)    
are the hurricane hunters investigating dean now
Member Since: 22.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 161
2954. IKE 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:02 (GMT)    
Posted By: Bobbyweather at 7:00 AM CDT on August 18, 2007.
143 kts is 165 mph!! 165mph is a Category 5 hurricane.


That's flight-level...I think you deduct 10%....that puts it between 145-150 mph at the surface.
Member Since: 9.06.2005 Posts: 23 Comments: 37070
2955. WeatherSpotter 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:02 (GMT)    
143 kts is 165 mph!! 165mph is a Category 5 hurricane.

Surface winds assume 90% flight winds.



165/90% = 148 so Cat 4 150MPH justified for Surface.
2956. nola70119 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:02 (GMT)    
00Z is the 2am. The key is going to be how far north Dean gets passing Jamaica....lastest GFDL is more south.
Member Since: 16.06.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1535
2957. extreme236 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:02 (GMT)    
yes the hurricane hunters are in it now. remember though, dean appears to be undergoing an eye wall replacement cycle
Member Since: 2.08.2007 Posts: 19 Comments: 19234
2958. guygee 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:03 (GMT)    
Thank you IKE, corrected in my previous post.
I've already gotten some very nasty WUMails from some people this morning, people are getting very tense and that is understandable. I do not want to add to the confusion.
Member Since: 16.09.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 2846
2959. Bobbyweather 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:03 (GMT)    
in the top ten strongest Atlantic storms, the 10th is Janet of 1955, with pressure of 914 mb.
Member Since: 7.09.2006 Posts: 88 Comments: 2487
2960. BiloxiGirl 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:03 (GMT)    
I am starting to feel more and more confident that Dean will not come to the Northern GOM. Think I will check back again tomorrow since the models are in more agreement with one another. Although I know stronger storms can have a tendency to just move around where they want so it is hard not to watch and wait for suprises. Does everyone think LA, MS, AL and FL can relax?
Member Since: 15.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 56
2961. Masquer08er 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:03 (GMT)    
JRRP,

Thank you. I was asking (without response) if I was really seeing what I was seeing.
Member Since: 16.08.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 388
2962. SaBenDa 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:04 (GMT)    
Good Morning Gang,

On the last 3-4 frames of the IR..It seems to have moved a bit more to the north..My crude measurments are about 5 deg...

Does anyone else note this?
2963. Bobbyweather 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:04 (GMT)    
then what's the 145 next to the flight level?
Member Since: 7.09.2006 Posts: 88 Comments: 2487
2964. Cavin Rawlins 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:05 (GMT)    
Cenral Atlnatic Wave Update

A tropical wave is along 33W-34W south of 24N moving west near 16 knots. Recent PV analysis and the first visible image of the day shows this wave continues to exhibit inverted V curvature and clear cyclonic rotation in the surrounding mid-low level cloud field across the the Tropical Atlantic north of 15N. However this part of the wave axis is enveloped in very dry African Dust and thus convection remains absent.

Another interesting feature is QuikSCAT continues to show cyclonic curvature in the area of showers to the south of the ITCZ (purple line in the image below). None of these features are showing signs of organziation at the moment and is just something to watch.

by Weather456

Member Since: 24.07.2005 Posts: 407 Comments: 19076
2965. guygee 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:05 (GMT)    
Interesting, the 06Z 08/18 GFDL bends a little more north at first, then flattens out and ends up more south.
Member Since: 16.09.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 2846
2966. FLWeatherFreak91 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:06 (GMT)    
JRRP...what city are you in? My dad's in La Romana right now making sure our hotels are all locked down tight, and he called to say a band came in that was pretty strong. What about where you are?
Member Since: 1.12.2006 Posts: 2 Comments: 3516
2967. ForecasterColby 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:06 (GMT)    
143kt is significantly lower than last night's final pass, which measured 154kt.
2968. Skyepony (Mod) 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:06 (GMT)    
recon up

11:50:30
15.40N 67.82W
Flight level winds From 137° (SE) at 143 kts (164.4 mph)
924.1 mb
surface wind 121 kts
Member Since: 10.08.2005 Posts: 145 Comments: 29957
2969. JPV 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:06 (GMT)    
BiloxiGirl

Does everyone think LA, MS, AL and FL can relax?


Nope... not yet.
2970. Masquer08er 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:07 (GMT)    
Look at PR radar. If I were in Haiti and the DR, I would be worried.
Member Since: 16.08.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 388
2971. WPBHurricane05 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:07 (GMT)    
143kt is significantly lower than last night's final pass, which measured 154kt.

They just got up there.
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 56 Comments: 8004
2972. TheStormWillSurvive 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:08 (GMT)    
how close is that to the center
2973. extreme236 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:08 (GMT)    
ok well the hurricane hunters are just now starting so it will be interesting to see what they find.
Member Since: 2.08.2007 Posts: 19 Comments: 19234
2974. russh46 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:09 (GMT)    
Nice turn to the NW
Member Since: 13.08.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 95
2975. extreme236 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:09 (GMT)    
yes and look at the pressure. it is 924mb
Member Since: 2.08.2007 Posts: 19 Comments: 19234
2976. BiloxiGirl 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:09 (GMT)    
JPV - so if all the models are converging much further south, what scenario would ever bring it up to say LA and MS?
Member Since: 15.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 56
2977. ForecasterColby 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:09 (GMT)    
920.4mb extrapolated by recon.
2978. watchingnva 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:09 (GMT)    
the eye is getting freaking tiny....def. see an ewrc coming up shortly...
Member Since: 7.09.2005 Posts: 3 Comments: 1310
2979. WeatherSpotter 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:10 (GMT)    
924.1 mb - Getting stronger

Just the Hurricane is undergoing a EWRC

This thing will be a massive monster after this replacement cycle.
2980. WPBHurricane05 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:10 (GMT)    
I think the NHC is going to have to shift the short term forecast north with Dean. If you look at the 5am and 8am advisories, you can tell that Dean has jogged north.

5am Link
8am Link
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 56 Comments: 8004
2981. ForecasterColby 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:12 (GMT)    
143kt was from the inner eyewall. Outer had definite wind maximum, but not nearly as strong as the inner yet.
2982. BiloxiSaint 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:12 (GMT)    
Biloxigirl, We can relax when it makes landfall somewhere else....hopefully northern Mexico
Member Since: 31.07.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 53
2983. IKE 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:12 (GMT)    
Posted By: BiloxiGirl at 7:09 AM CDT on August 18, 2007.
JPV - so if all the models are converging much further south, what scenario would ever bring it up to say LA and MS?


Unless the high doesn't build in and there's very little reason to doubt it won't.
Member Since: 9.06.2005 Posts: 23 Comments: 37070
2984. UnderstandingFL 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:12 (GMT)    
Biloxi, I'm in Florida and I'm so relieved that it's not coming this way. I think it's pretty much a given that we won't meet Dean.

There's something else out there, but I've just decided to ignore it for now.
2985. JPV 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:13 (GMT)    
Posted By: BiloxiGirl

JPV - so if all the models are converging much further south, what scenario would ever bring it up to say LA and MS?


5 day forecasts aren't very reliable.

And hurricanes can be VERY unpredictable.

Not saying that it will make a US landfall, but I think that it's way too early to call it, either way.
2986. JRRP 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:16 (GMT)    
FLWeather
IN SANTO DOMINGO
Member Since: 16.08.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 4357
2987. hurricane667 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:16 (GMT)    
where are you guys getting those measurements
Member Since: 22.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 161
2988. WPBHurricane05 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:18 (GMT)    
VORTEX DATA MESSAGE AL042007
A. 18/11:51:20Z
B. 15 deg 23 min N
067 deg 52 min W
C. 700 mb 2437 m
D. 121 kt
E. 5 deg 008 nm
F. 137 deg 145 kt
G. 050 deg 008 nm
H. 926 mb
I. 11 C/ 3049 m
J. 23 C/ 3041 m
K. 11 C/ NA
L. CLOSED
M. C12
N. 12345/ 7
O. 0.02 / 2 nm
P. AF304 0604A DEAN OB 03
MAX FL WIND 145 KT NE QUAD 11:48:40 Z
SMALL HAIL INBOUND NE QUAD
RADAR PRESENTATION EXCELLENT

Hail in a hurricane?..??....??
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 56 Comments: 8004
2989. Cavin Rawlins 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:18 (GMT)    
Dean

Member Since: 24.07.2005 Posts: 407 Comments: 19076
2990. jj292 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:18 (GMT)    
Storms this big and strong can in a way create their own environment and can go where they want. No they don't blast through a giant high pressure system or anything like that, but they tend to have a few tricks up their sleeves sometimes.
2991. GPTGUY 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:19 (GMT)    
Hail is rare..if at all common when they move ashore...but can be quite common when there over open water
Member Since: 26.08.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 391
2992. WPBHurricane05 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:19 (GMT)    
where are you guys getting those measurements

Link
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 56 Comments: 8004
2993. EllistonVA 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:19 (GMT)    
Biloxigirl - If you look at Dr. Master's post you will see that the accuracy of the models drops off rapidly the further out you go in time. To make things worse, the land around the GOM makes a circle which means that even a small jog left or right can change the landfall location by 100 miles. Everyone needs to stay vigilant.
2994. guygee 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:20 (GMT)    
I see that Dean wobbled north and in the last few frames through 09:45Z is moving parallel and just north of the NHC track. I will henceforth remove my name from the list of wobblecasters and do my wobblewatching in private until I see a significant trend.
Member Since: 16.09.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 2846
2995. Cavin Rawlins 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:20 (GMT)    
Hail was reported in a 1995 hurricane...cant remember the name..I think it was the "m" storm
Member Since: 24.07.2005 Posts: 407 Comments: 19076
2996. FLWeatherFreak91 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:21 (GMT)    
JRRP, how are the people preparing for The Storm? I remember when I was down there for Georges no one did anything, many people didn't even know what was coming.
Member Since: 1.12.2006 Posts: 2 Comments: 3516
2997. WPBHurricane05 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:21 (GMT)    
Never would have guessed hail in a hurricane. Never seen it myself, but I don't go out side during storms.
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 56 Comments: 8004
2998. BiloxiGirl 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:21 (GMT)    
I think I am looking for an excuse to stop driving myself crazy monitoring this storm. I check on it frequently throughout the day and I think I am trying to talk myself into thinking that I really shouldn't worry about it. But it sounds like maybe we aren't to that point just yet.
Member Since: 15.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 56
2999. Tampawxgirl 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:22 (GMT)    
Wow, I was away for much of yesterday evening and come back to a massive cat 4! Yikes.

This thing will be a massive monster after this replacement cycle.

What is the replacement cycle? This is a new term for me.
Member Since: 1.06.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 163
3000. ForecasterColby 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:23 (GMT)    
Hail happens, but it's quite rare in tropical systems. I have no idea what it means, though.

I'm very surprised not to see concentric eyewalls in that report.
3001. weathersp 18. elokuuta 2007 klo 12:23 (GMT)    
Odd but I can see it happening. Massive updrafts bring up to the very to where satilights have recorded -66C
Member Since: 14.01.2007 Posts: 17 Comments: 4112

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About JeffMasters
Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.

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