Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

Which model do you trust? And, Arctic sea ice reaches a record minimum
Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 19:33 (GMT) +3
Hurricane Dean, now a major Category 3 hurricane with 125 mph winds, continues to intensify and grow larger in size. Dean pounded Martinique and St. Lucia this morning, and claimed its first victim when a 62-year old man died on St. Lucia while trying to save his cow from raging flood waters.

Dean's eye is now visible on long range radar out of Puerto Rico. Buoy 42059 is in Dean's path, and should be interesting to watch.

We're fairly confident of the 1-2 day forecast, which has Dean headed west to west-northwest over the Central Caribbean, very close to Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, then into the Western Caribbean. After that, things become murkier. The latest 12Z runs of the NOGAPS, UKMET, GFS, and HWRF computer models all show Dean hitting the Yucatan Peninsula, and continuing on into the Gulf of Mexico towards a second landfall near or south of the Texas border. The HWRF run is slower, and does not take Dean to the coast at the end of its forecast period. The big outlier is the GFDL model, which now takes Dean northwest into central Louisiana. Which model is correct? The problem is that each model has a different solution for the behavior of an upper-level low pressure system expected to be over the Gulf of Mexico early next week. Which model should we trust?

In 2006, the official NHC forecast performed better than any of the individual computer forecast models. However, several "consensus" forecasts made using an average of the "big four" computer models (GFDL, GFS, UKMET, and NOGAPS), slightly outperformed the official forecast at some time periods (Figure 1). The Florida State Super-Ensemble (FSSE), for example, combines the "big four" models on the basis of past performance in an attempt to correct for biases in those models. (The FSSE is owned by a private company, which makes it available to NHC but not the general public). The Florida State Super Ensemble slightly out-performed the official NHC forecast at most forecast times.

The "big four" models are plotted on wunderground.com's computer model page for Dean, (along with the inferior BAMM model, which is plotted since it is always available quickly, and has done well at longer range forecasts in the past). We do not get tracking points for the ECMWF or HWRF models at this point, so you'll have to go the raw plots to see those forecasts. Note that three of the "big four" models performed well in 2006, with the GFDL and GFS performing the best. The UKMET had a very poor showing in the Atlantic in 2006. However, the UKMET was the best-performing model in the Eastern Pacific in 2006, along with the GFDL and BAMM models.

The European Center's model (ECMWF) outperformed the "big four" consensus models for 72, 96, and 120 hours forecasts in the Atlantic. However, the ECMWF model was generally not available in time to be used by forecasters. Efforts are being made to make the ECMWF available in a more timely fashion for the 2007 season, which would be a big help. We also have the new HWRF (Hurricane Weather Research Forecast) model this year. In tests done on a number of hurricanes for past years, the HWRF performed about as well as the GFDL (Figure 2).



Figure 1. Track forecast skill in 2006 of the official forecast and the various models, compared to a "zero skill" forecast using NHC's CLIPER5 model. The CLIPER model (short for CLImatology and PERsistence) is a model that makes a forecast based on historical paths hurricane have taken, along with the fact that hurricanes tend to keep moving in the direction they are going (i.e., their current motion persists). Note that many models had a negative skill for their 120 hour (5 day) forecast. The official NHC forecast had about 10% skill at 5 days. Image credit: NHC.

Figure 2. Track errors for 48-hour forecasts from the 2006 version of the GFDL model (black) and the new HWRF model (red). The HWRF model performed better on some hurricane than the GFDL, and worse on others. Overall, the two models had about the same performance on the cases tested. Image credit: Naomi Surgi, NOAA Environmental Modeling Center.

In conclusion, the official NHC forecast outperforms all the individual models, particularly at long ranges. Looking at the individual model plots can be helpful to determine the uncertainty in the forecast, but it's tough to beat the NHC. In the case of Dean, where one model is an outlier from the rest, it is usually better to believe the consensus of the other models.

If you want to look at plots of the individual models, I've written a description of the various models and where to find these plots on our tropical weather page.

Arctic sea ice shrinks to record low
The National Snow and Ice Data Center announced today that Arctic sea ice has just surpassed the previous single-day (absolute minimum) record for the lowest extent ever measured by satellite. Satellite measurements began in 1979. Sea ice extent has fallen below the 2005 record low absolute minimum and is still melting. Sea ice extent is currently tracking at 5.26 million square kilometers (2.02 million square miles), just below the 2005 record absolute minimum of 5.32 million square kilometers (2.05 million square miles). This new record was set a full five weeks before the usual late September minima in ice extent, so truly unprecedented melting is occurring in the Arctic. The most recent images from the North Pole webcam show plenty of melt water and rainy conditions near the Pole.


Figure 2. Current extent of the polar sea ice, compared to the normal for this time in August (pink line). Image credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center.

I'll have an update Saturday morning.
Jeff Masters

Hurricane Dean near the island Puerto Rico (Hector777)
the ciclonic surge hard mind in Salinas,Puerto Rico mines the Community Las Ochenta in the south of Puerto Rico
Hurricane Dean near the island Puerto Rico
Categories: Climate Change
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151. C2News 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:21 (GMT)    
What would the ULL need to do to make Dean track on a more northwesterly course?
Member Since: 17.07.2006 Posts: 73 Comments: 622
152. auminer68 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:22 (GMT)    

I just thought of something no-one's mentioned yet... It looks like Gantanamo Bay is going to at minimum feel some effects of Dean. Gitmo is on the southern coast of Cuba just barely outside the view of the San Juan radar linked by SavannahStorm at 7:49 on this thread.

link
153. atmoaggie 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:22 (GMT)    
And that report on the polar ice is very scary to me.

The 5ºC+ anomalies in the Arctic are also scary:


If you are expecting hurricanes in the Arctic, you are in the correct blog, otherwise...
Member Since: 16.08.2007 Posts: 6 Comments: 12461
154. floridafisherman 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:22 (GMT)    
diabetic, it is not 100% certain that fla is safe. still too early to tell
Member Since: 28.08.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 514
155. JLPR 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:22 (GMT)    
If it crossed PR it would be a big desaster here i hope it keeps south and doesnt exceed the 16N mark
Member Since: 4.09.2007 Posts: 36 Comments: 5223
156. Dropsonde 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:23 (GMT)    
Here is a java loop showing the movement of the ULL off the coast of Florida. It also seems that Dean is beginning another blowup, with heavy convection forming over the eye and CDO. The core of the hurricane is "rounder." Dean won't be upgraded further at 5 p.m. (the next step up from 110 kts is 115 aka Cat 4), but 11 p.m. is not out of the question.
Member Since: 22.08.2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 414
157. rwdobson 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:23 (GMT)    
"diabetic, it is not 100% certain that fla is safe. still too early to tell"

yes, only 99% certain.
Member Since: 12.06.2002 Posts: 0 Comments: 1574
158. Crisis57 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:23 (GMT)    
Posted By: Michael at 8:14 PM GMT on August 17, 2007.

I forgot all about that, he said a huge anticyclone over Dean will over power anything and will find the weakness whereever it may be.....NW gulf? dont know


I'm not diagreeing with you at all just giving friendly observation but take a look at the link posted by Randyman and check the last frame very interesting
159. bocaman 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:24 (GMT)    
I pray for the people in Haiti, I hat to say this but I think they may be in for a direct hit. I know I'm going out on a limb early here but I think Dean is going to hit the Southern Coast of Haiti. It may be a lot stronger storm by the time it reaches Haiti too. Haiti as well as the Dominican as well as Southern Cuba and Eastern Jamaica should be making mass preparations right now.
160. benirica 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:24 (GMT)    
its impossible for it to impact PR directly. it would need to sharply go to the NW, not happening.
the worst case scenario would maybe 16N and bring more rain then expected and some more wind.
Member Since: 3.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1142
161. Relix 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:24 (GMT)    
Wow, this is getting scary. News already told people to take it easy since well... just some rains and wind. But I am watching the radar, loops, etc every single minute, and in fact, its moving WNW with a slight NW wobble. Or maybe its convection fooling with my eyes. I'll admit I didn't take a single preparation to get ready for Dean.
Member Since: 3.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 2358
162. Melagoo 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:24 (GMT)    
VAPOR - eye shows up here nicely


Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 19 Comments: 1510
164. weathermanwannabe 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:24 (GMT)    
I would keep a close eye on the water vapor loops over the next several days in terms of this storm............
Member Since: 8.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 6687
165. sngalla 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:24 (GMT)    
Nothing is certain till it is over and done with.
Member Since: 18.02.2003 Posts: 57 Comments: 5363
167. tampahurricane 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:25 (GMT)    
the weather man said that there was some indications that the track was going to shift more to the north and does any one think we will see any thing here in tampa.
Member Since: 28.05.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 287
168. StormDodgerDude 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:25 (GMT)    
Well here on our Ship (150 miles south of Louisiana), we will not be taking any chances. Preparations are now being taken. We should be off of our present location by late Sunday. Many of us who are "Non-Essential" will be evacuated off of this ship. Which is fine with me since I've spent the last several Major Hurricanes out here. For Once I will truly be Dodging this storm...Whew!!!
Member Since: 12.08.2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 18
169. SherryB 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:25 (GMT)    
Thanks to you too Nola....Can anyone really predict where Dean may or may not go? There are so many variables that will factor into his course and from what I have read and seen, you cannot discount ANY possible landfall in the GOM or even possibly the East Coast of FL (highly unlikely - but not to be discounted)
171. diabeticstorm 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:25 (GMT)    
i disagree with you floridafisherman, none of the models indicate that Dean will hit florida, none of them since a few days ago. if there was a hint of dean hitting florida, it would be in the forecast cone and at least one of the models would show it. but i dont see any of them doing that. why do some people still think that florida Is NOT safe yet?? and if florida is not 100% safe, then why don't forecasters on the news say so, etc.
172. Metallica1990 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:26 (GMT)    
Floridas not out of the woods till this thing passes 85 degrees long.
173. o311 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:26 (GMT)    
Wouldn't the forward speed drop if a more northern track appears.
174. JLPR 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:26 (GMT)    
so its moving wnw or nw or w?
Member Since: 4.09.2007 Posts: 36 Comments: 5223
175. Randyman 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:26 (GMT)    
Posted By: Crisis57 at 8:23 PM GMT on August 17, 2007.

Posted By: Michael at 8:14 PM GMT on August 17, 2007.

I forgot all about that, he said a huge anticyclone over Dean will over power anything and will find the weakness whereever it may be.....NW gulf? dont know

I'm not diagreeing with you at all just giving friendly observation but take a look at the link posted by Randyman and check the last frame very interesting


Here's the link for anyone who missed it...



Link
Member Since: 26.07.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 222
176. benirica 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:26 (GMT)    
i didnt take any preparations for DEAN either here in PUERTO RICO and i dont think it will matter. on the Doppler radar out of PR you can see that it did wobble to the WNW a bit but it seems that its going to the West again. you can clearly see the eye out of the long range Puerto Rido radar.
Member Since: 3.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1142
177. Dropsonde 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:27 (GMT)    
I would say it's 99.5% likely that Florida is in the clear from a direct hit. I'm more worried at this point about Dean passing west of NOLA or making a direct hit on Houston.
Member Since: 22.08.2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 414
178. nola70119 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:27 (GMT)    
By Northerly we mean a slight adjustment that would favor the GFDL model to Louisiana and not till nexr week, and its not clear this is happening, though the current track might be slightly more N than forecast. All the models are moving Dean toward Jamaica, there is no indication of any radical movement north.
Member Since: 16.06.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1535
179. Thaale 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:28 (GMT)    
1° = 69 statutes miles, benerica (or 60 nautical miles).

But though that always hold true for latitude, for longitude it’s less correct the further from the equator you go. At a latitude of 15°, each ° of longitude is about 3.4% smaller than it would be at the equator.
Member Since: 19.10.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 308
180. sngalla 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:28 (GMT)    
Florida meteorologists are saying to keep a close eye on the storm.
Member Since: 18.02.2003 Posts: 57 Comments: 5363
181. MisterPerfect 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:28 (GMT)    
Posted By: StSimonsIslandGAGuy at 8:24 PM GMT on August 17, 2007.

I ganked this from Levi32. Hope he doesn't mind, but it is the best model graphic I have ever seen.


It is pretty. And it illustrates just how big and uncertain this is right now...
Member Since: 1.11.2006 Posts: 69 Comments: 19470
183. Crisis57 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:29 (GMT)    
great link Randyman
184. hurricanehamster 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:29 (GMT)    
noaa say dean will hit any where in the gulf
186. sporteguy03 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:30 (GMT)    
i disagree with you floridafisherman, none of the models indicate that Dean will hit florida, none of them since a few days ago. if there was a hint of dean hitting florida, it would be in the forecast cone and at least one of the models would show it. but i dont see any of them doing that. why do some people still think that florida Is NOT safe yet?? and if florida is not 100% safe, then why don't forecasters on the news say so, etc.



I've heard a few mets keep an eye on it.
Member Since: 7.07.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 4824
187. Relix 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:30 (GMT)    
Benirica, I am still seeing the more northern movement... kinda like WNW, it definitely got higher than the expected track, which would bring stronger winds and maybe some more rain to PR.
Member Since: 3.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 2358
189. diabeticstorm 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:31 (GMT)    
Well I'm almost certain we're out of the woods here in Florida. I trust what NHC has to say, and they're not indicating anything about Florida. People here seem to want it to hit florida, thus making up senarious. Just let it go.
190. floridafisherman 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:31 (GMT)    
diabetic, if fla isnt in danger, why is key west, marathon, and a few other FLORIDA cities the only us cities listed in wind probabilities?

and local met on tv here have been talking about the ULL and how it will effect where dean goes. they say until it passes south of fla, we still have to watch.
Member Since: 28.08.2005 Posts: 0 Comments: 514
192. Dropsonde 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:31 (GMT)    
The bottom line for Florida is this: When Dean gets into the GOM, it'll be a HUGE storm. I'm thinking Ivan, Katrina, Gilbert size. That itself means that Florida is likely to feel an impact from the feeder bands. If Dean landfalls on East TX or (heaven forbid) LA, then the Panhandle could see tropical storm force winds.

I really and truly think that the biggest threat to Florida is from tornadoes spinning out of the thunderstorms in the feeders.
Member Since: 22.08.2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 414
193. benirica 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:31 (GMT)    
Link

stil looks to me like its going due west now... it did wobble but the wobble is over. i do agree that its going to be a bit closer then expected
Member Since: 3.08.2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1142
194. welshcayman 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:31 (GMT)    
Previous positions of Dean

8am 14.4N 61.7W
11am 14.6N 62.6W
2pm 14.8N 63.6W

So Dean is moving approximately 0.2 degrees North and 1 degree West every 3 hours.

If Dean keeps moving in the exact same direct he has been all day and the same speed then at 8am tomorrow he would be at 16.0N 69.6W. The NHC forecast for 8am tomorrow is that Dean will be at 15.8N 69.0W. This is just slightly North and slightly West of the forecast position in 18 hours time.

This post was just to get across to everyone who keeps stating that Dean is moving 'way NW' or 'much more North than the forecast' that this is not in fact the case.

The NHC may adjust the track at 5pm, or at any other time in the future. But right now, based on Dean's speed and direction of movement over the past day, Dean is moving exactly where the NHC said he would.

196. cantstopthinking 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:33 (GMT)    
LOL, people are so funny, go ahead and listen to the so called experts. Predicting weather is about as accurate as predicting the stock market, were you can also find many so called experts. I have been in the computer field for 15 or so years and the models used to predict storm paths are only as good as the programmers (some more so called experts). There are no experts in life just well educated guessers!! My novice advice says be prepared for the worse, stock up on supplies and keep in contact with family. Keep a close eye on exact storm positions not someone’s prediction.
Most of all be safe!!!

197. bocaman 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:33 (GMT)    
Michael, that storm is slowing down a little bit, I remember Dean hauling a$$ around 27-29mph yesterday afternoon, today its moving 18-20mph now, which is still moving fast but a decrease in speed is definitly being noticed.
198. Melagoo 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:33 (GMT)    
...eye is visable here

vapor
Member Since: 31.07.2006 Posts: 19 Comments: 1510
199. fldoughboy 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:33 (GMT)    
Thanks for the Hurricane Allen graphic, this looks to follow that track almost exactly..as did Gilbert within 50-100 mile error on the right and left side of its track.
200. AndyN 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:34 (GMT)    
Gulf 90 degrees 64 nm south of dauphin Island...Incredible!!Link
Member Since: 29.12.2005 Posts: 1 Comments: 551
201. cormit 17. elokuuta 2007 klo 20:34 (GMT)    
Does anyone have a link to the recon flight data in real-time besides the report that comes out? I used one last year at weathermatrix.net/tropical/recon.shtml, which show the data from the plane every minute or so but it does not seem to be working this year. Thanks for your help.

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About JeffMasters
Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.

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